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Using a copper wire width of an atom only, physicists from Princeton University have managed to show a particle predicted in 1937, but had never been observed until now for sure: the particle Majorana (see red area in the zoomed portion of the image). Credits: Yazdani Lab, Princeton University
A particle that is also its own antiparticle? This is known Majorana particle. Predicted in 1937, it has first to be detected by physicists from Princeton University (USA).
Physicists detected for the first time the existence of a said Majorana particle. Majorana particle? Predicted in 1937 by the Italian physicist Ettore Majorana, a Majorana particle is both matter and antimatter ....
Let us briefly recall what antimatter. The particles of antimatter have the same mass as their equivalent material but carry an opposite charge. For example, the positron, positively charged, is the antiparticle of the electron, negatively charged. Particulate matter and antimatter are always produced together, as a pair. Yet around us is almost exclusively composed of matter, which suggests that during the evolution of the Universe, very large quantities of antimatter have been "lost" (read more about antimatter, read this article extension antimatter published on the CERN site)
In practice this means that the particle Majorana is electrically neutral, since combining opposite charges (the charge of the particle, and the burden of the antiparticle, opposite to that of the particle).
That said, let the circumstances of the discovery of this particle Majorana. To detect the physicist Ali Yazdani (Princeton University, USA) and colleagues have created a superconducting copper wire (Superconductivity is a phenomenon in which a material transports electricity with zero electrical resistance) off of an atom only. And it is by observing the end of the wire using a scanning tunnelling microscope that they discovered there the presence of Majorana particle.
Obviously, this methodology was not chosen at random: in 2001, the physicist Alexei Kitaev had indeed predicted that a Majorana particle would be likely to appear at the end of a superconducting wire. Where the methodology chosen by the authors of the new work.
Note that the discovery of this particle could lead to applications in quantum computers. Contrary to the "classical" computers, one of the essential principles of quantum computers based on the idea that an information unit may be worth while both 0 and 1 (corresponding to a state that physicists called "quantum superpositition"), which is obviously not the case in the binary system used by our computers, where an information unit can not argue that either of the two values 0 and 1.
This work was published October 2, 2014 in the journal Science, entitled "Observation of Majorana fermions in atomic chains ferromagnetic superconductor was".
The tooth of a limpet, this marine gastropod with a conical shell, is nothing less than the strongest biological material known to date, reveals a new study.
So far, spider silk was considered the strongest natural material in the world (read "soon The body armor products spider silk?" On the Figaro), stronger than steel and kevlar. But spider silk has been dethroned by a new biological material even stronger: the teeth of limpets, these marine gastropods have a conical shell. A discovery made by British scientists from the University of Portsmouth.
In fact, the strength of its teeth is valuable for limpet: it is thanks to them that the limpet can "shred" effectively the surface of the rocks, in order to remove the algae to feed.
In reaching the conclusion that the teeth of the patella is the strongest biological structures in the world, professor of engineering Asa Barber (University of Portsmouth. UK) and colleagues analyzed the mechanical behavior of teeth limpet to using an atomic force microscope, a tool to visualize the surface topography of a sample to the nanometer scale.
In this work, these scientists discovered the secret of solidity teeth limpet: the presence in them of goethite, a mineral that develops gradually as the limpet grows.
This discovery could enable the development of new superhard materials. Indeed, by copying the fibrous tooth structure limpets, it might well be possible to design very solid structures used in the manufacture of cars, aircraft or boat hulls.
Apple filed a patent for a small portable camera, near the Mini-cameras currently sold by GoPro. After analysis of the patent, it appears that this new camera has neither more nor less ambition to dethrone the GoPro cameras, including through greater strength.Apple will launch there soon a mini camera, similar to those currently offered by GoPro, but enjoying greater strength? In any case that suggests a patent filed by the firm at the apple, which focuses specifically on the development of a small portable camera.
VIDEO - Exploring the waters along the Portuguese island of Santa Maria, divers fell nose to nose with a fish moon of exceptional size.
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